Chacter Sketch Miss Brill Essay

Katherine Mansfield illustrates in the story the protagonist Miss Brill as a middle aged women with no family that believes she has a social life, which consists of watching other people interact with each other. Mansfield parallels Miss Brill with the fur she keeps wrapped up in a box until Sunday. She demonstrates a dynamic character that receives a reality check from the â€Å"real† world where she belongs rather than in a chimerical world she made up. Mansfield creates a colorful character who symbolizes her old, worn fur and lacks the reality of the outside world. Mansfield’s parallelism between Miss Brill and her fur shows the reader that Miss Brill stays in a box in a dark closet until Sunday when she â€Å"acts† in the play of the outside world. Mansfield describes the fur’s eyes asking â€Å"what has happened to me?† as Miss Brill had to â€Å"rub some life back into its dim little eyes † after it sat in the box for some period of time. Just like the fur Miss Brill stays bottled up in box in her apartment until Sunday when she goes to watch the band play. Both the fur and Miss Brill have aged and do not leave their perimeter until Miss Brill’s cue to enter the stage of the world. The outside world helps to sculpt Miss Brill into a dynamic charter. The realization of the outside world and her view change on the world around her allows her to wed the name of a dynamic character. Miss Brill forms a world of her own that she lives through. She sees all of the people she observes as â€Å"just coming from dark, little rooms or even- even cupboards. † In reality Miss Brill is the one that hides in the cupboard from the outside world until Sunday when she liberates herself from the dark room. She lives her social life through the lives of the people around her. She believes she interacts with the outside world and that she had a vital role in the play that the world undergoes. Miss Brill soon learns that her presence does not have a great impact on her peers as their presence does on her. During the performance of the band Miss Brill pays more attention to the conversations of the people she sits next to then the performance. As she ease dropped on a young couple she over heard them mocking her. Miss Brill realizes that she does not have the same importance to them as they do to her. Her chimerical world bursts as she becomes exposed to the real world and the realization of  her importance. The comprehension of the real world has a severe importance to Miss Brill. If Miss Brill did not come to a realization of the outside world she would follow the footsteps of Willy Loman from A Death of a Salesman. Willy Loman lacked realization of the real world just as Miss Brill did. His delusional behavior and lack of connection with the real world lead to his suicide. If Miss Brill did not understand her mirage of the world she might have landed in the grave just as Willy Loman had. The protagonist Miss Brill faces the antagonist of reality. She comprehends that she has lived in a fantasy world that revolved around her having the same impact on everyone as they do on her. If she did not come to an understanding she would have followed in the footsteps of the delusional Willy Loman who committed suicide. Mansfield parallels Miss Brill and her fur because both have aged and do not leave their boxes until Sunday. The story informs the reader that sometimes elderly and lonely people live in made up world and when welcomed back into reality have a hard time cooping with it.

Truancy Among Students

As growing age, truancy is not a new phenomenon in Malaysia. According to dictionary, truancy means act or condition of being absent without permission. It also means any intentional unauthorized absence from compulsory schooling. (Pearson Education Limited). Truancy happens because students have no interest in studies. A very strict teacher also affected the interest of student. Apart from that the subject taught was too boring or difficult but they have to take the subject for examination.In addition, most of student thinks truancy is best way to run away from any problems life. This leads to immoral activities such as vandalism, burglary, substance abuse and gang activity. Thus, to avoid the truancy become more critical issue among Malaysian school students the Ministry of Education have to take action by solving this problem. How do they solve it? There are suggestions to reduce truancy are the ministry have to enhance skill of teaching, counselling service and organize lectures and campaign.Teacher needs to improve their skill of teaching so that the students will enjoy every moment in the class as problem of truancy can be prevent. In other hands, teacher should make class more interesting. In the class teacher is not only use the text book as material but also make a video or fun activities because our brain easily get bored and tired of monotone learning. Therefore when students learn something with enjoyable it will immediately store in long term memory and students were able to understand.Teacher should give students chance to voice out their opinion in the class. So that teacher is not talking much alone when there are two-way communication between students and teacher. This make a process of learning were help students succeed in school as truancy will be decreased. In the nutshell truancy become a top issue among Malaysian students in order produce a great future generation. According to a survey conducted by ministry, 58. 5 per cent of truancy cas es last year involved student in rural areas as compared with 41. 45 per cent in cities. This affected the increasing rates of discipline problems in schools. However, there are strategies to reduce truancy whereas the ministry take part overcome this problem by enhance skill of teaching, counselling service and organize lectures and campaign. Reference: 1) Kgsilou. blogspot. com/2012/03/truancy-among-school-children-rampant. html 2) Pearson Education Limited

The Environmental Change and the Collapse of Easter Island

The environmental change and the collapse of Easter Island Ruud Coumans In this paper, we will search for an explanation of the mystical collapse of society on Easter Island, during the 18th century. We’ll use the second chapter for the book â€Å"Collapse. How Society Choose to Fail or Succeed† by Jared Diamond. First we will summarize some of the evidence supporting the explanatory framework of the author to give an outline of the situation. Then we will state the research question. After that we will talk about the underlying process where we will discuss the actions of the assumptions of the actors goals, the theory of the action implied and the initial conditions. We will finish with a conclusion. In his first chapter proposed the†¦show more content†¦With climate change he does not mean global warming, but the fact that climate may vary between months or years. The problem is that in the time of the Easter Island most people only lived long enough to witness one climate, and not for example a time of plenty and a time of little rain. The inhabitants of the island therefore had no firsthand memory of a previous period of little or plenty rain. Therefore, every time they had to come up with a new strategy because they did not know an old strategy. Another problem with good and bad decades is that after a good period there is too much population to be supported, and after a bad time there are not enough people to deal with a climate change. There is not much known about the climate changes at Easter Island. But, we do know that the population changed a few times because of kidnapping and different epidemics. This means that although there may have not been a lot of clim ate change, there was a constant change in the number of people living on the island who may have not known how to deal with different circumstances. The third and fourth factor Diamond mentions are hostile neighbors and trade partners. But, because Easter Island was an island almost completely isolated from the rest of the world , these factors cannot have played an important role in the collapse of the island. Although in the book is mentioned that the Easter Islanders sometimes had visitors, these visits were notShow MoreRelatedEaster Island : A Case Study1483 Words   |  6 PagesName of Case Study: â€Å"Easter Island: A Case Study in Non-sustainability† (Foot p.11) Key environmental points: Easter Island is a remotely located island in the South Pacific. The island was first populated in circa A. D. 400 by a group of travelers from Polynesia. The island, shaped like a triangle, was positioned 2,000 km from the nearest inhabited land, and 3,200 km from the closest continental land mass (Foot p. 11). According to David Foot â€Å"the island originally supported a great palm forest†Read MoreGun, Germs, And Steel By Jared Diamond1585 Words   |  7 Pagesscientific work. In the prologue of â€Å"Collapse†, Jared Diamond claims that his previous book â€Å"Guns, Germs, and Steel† focused on the buildup of societies over the last 13,000 years and his present book ‘Collapse† focuses on the factors that cause failure and survival in civilizations all across the world2.† Diamond analyzes the breakdown of all societies through a unique scale called the five-point framework. This framework considers environmental damage, climate change, hostile neighbors, friendly tradeRead MoreCollapse, By Jared Diamond1450 Words   |  6 PagesCOLLAPSE by Jared Diamond attempts to answer the question, â€Å"What caused some of the great civilizations of the past to collapse into ruin, and what can we learn from their fates?† This book is divided into four main sections, and I’ll be talking about the most important sections and the most important chapters in it. The first section starts off with Diamond going in to the present in the United States. He starts off with the Bitterroot Valley of Montana. While it seems untouched, with endlessRead MoreCauses Of Collapse And Its Effects On The Worlds Most Remote Human Outposts1471 Words   |  6 PagesThe small, isolated Rapa Nui Island—or, Easter Island—began its history of human-habitation with difficulty. Settlers were 3,000 kilometers away from other settlements, native plants and animals were limited, and its geographic location make the island subject to El Nino’s varying conditions (Hunt and Lipo 2007). Despite obstacles unique to Rapa Nui, as compared to its Polynesian neighbors, the people of Rapa Nui were successful before collapse, surviving as â€Å"one of the world’s most remote humanRead MoreThe Evolving Challenges Of Sustainability Between Ancient And Modern Civilisations1777 Words   |  8 Pagesland use are structured by limits of the environment. En vironmental determinism has in the past been a prominent theory when exploring the relationship between humans and the environment. The concept is that the evolution and development of humans, culture and society is a direct response to the environment(Livingstone, 2011). Geographers have connected patterns of human settlement, economic development, and culture collapse to environmental influences such as topography, climate patterns and geographicalRead MoreA Green History of the World by Clive Pointing Essay1299 Words   |  6 Pagesentranced by the mystery of Easter Island and excited about the information A Green History of the World had to offer. I had virtually no understanding of Easter Island nor could I remember every being exposed to it in school or any extracurricular reading. This chapter allowed me to become more open-minded to Pointings writings without giving up my own personal ideology and gave me an understanding of Pointing’s ideas about the environment. I was also able to explore Easter Island in further detail. Read MoreLiterature Review On Easter Island1549 Words   |  7 PagesEaster Island has a unique history that outlines key theories of how man can have detrimental effects on nature. With our beliefs, customs and general life needs, societies become dependent on our environment and resources. This can result in an irreversible destruction of an environment and Easter Island has proven this to be posable. With a society becoming hugely dependant on the limited resources available and failure to understand the need to preserve these resources for future generations causedRead MoreCollapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed by Jared Diamond3203 Words   |  13 PagesBook: Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed Author: Jared Diamond Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed â€Å"If people destroy something replaceable by mankind their called vandals; if they destroy something irreplaceable by God, they are called developers.† – Joseph Wood Krutch One of mankind’s greatest achievements is the development and organization of diversified societies that regulate life and ethical values for those enticed within it. Societies bring interpersonalRead MoreAustralian Aboriginal People: The Rapa Nui of Easter Island and the Tiwi Islanders2723 Words   |  11 Pagesessay I will examine two different cultural groups the Rapa Nui of Easter Island and the Tiwi islanders of Australia’s Northern Territory. My main focus will be on the impact colonisation had on these two different cultural groups. I will explain how these two different cultural civilisations were colonised at different times in history and how this effected each culture. I will describe the differences that occurred on each island and how each group handled the different situations they were putRead MoreWhy Overpopulation Is The Problem1586 Words   |  7 Pagesthe possibility of a global mega-crisis, a â€Å"perfect storm† of political, economic, an d environmental instability resulting from overpopulation and leading to the extinction of mankind (Kuo, 23). The purpose of Kuo’s article is to stress the fact that overpopulation has been over looked as the source of many of the problems afflicting the world today, including climate change, food and water scarcity, environmental degradation, as well as other economic and social effects like unemployment. She adopts

Morrisons Sexual Depictions Essay examples - 2203 Words

Morrisons Sexual Depictions Toni Morrison incorporated vulgar sexual depictions into her novel with distinct literary intentions. Although many challengers of the novel contest that these scenes contain no value, Morrison composed these depictions with specific intent and purpose. It was not for shock value or merely to be obscene, but to illustrate to her audience the damaging effect society can have on its most vulnerable members. She spoke through the silence to lobby the destruction of an innocent black girl and became the voice for suffering individuals who did not have the ability to speak. She successfully reveals that societal abuse of the African American race as a whole has grave effects on the development of specific†¦show more content†¦He despised their helplessness because it mirrored his own influence in comparison to white men. Since he could not escape from the system of oppression, he was swallowed by it. He sought for an outlet to his scorn, oppressing those weaker than himself. Even tually, the cycle of oppression completed itself as the oppressed became the oppressor. Pecola became the victimized object of Cholly’s trauma. He reflected his childhood experience onto the destructive treatment of his daughter. Cholly and Pecola’s horrific sexual experiences manifested a type of demon within them, hatred and madness, that inevitably effected how they treated their peers. Despite the vulgarity of Cholly’s actions, Morrison avoided demonizing Pecola’s antagonist; so as to emphasize the flaws of society rather then his particular character. She focused more on the tragedy of his childhood experience and only hastily depicts his experience as an adult aggressor. For the same reason, she chose the vignette structure (in order to stagger the upsetting episodes that occurred). The audience is thereby forced to reassemble the story; causing them to not immediately pity Pecola and criminalize her oppressors. The turmoil that African American mal es experienced in the novel imposed an inferiority complex in their psyche that drove them to persecute individuals weaker than themselves, namely, children. Morrison purposely avoids portrayingShow MoreRelated Love In Todays Society Essay1360 Words   |  6 Pagesreservation tells of his sorrow at his loss of her to another. Morrisons Love Her Madly could almost be interpreted as a form of limerance. He has this extreme fondness for his subject: â€Å"Dont ya love her madly?† Anyone who knows the story of Jim Morrison knows that the topic of love and all that comes with it was an integral facet of his being. He is a good example of love in the context of a super-star entertainer. Morrisons songs, and most others found in the entertainment world cannotRead More1. ​​Moore.. Marcus Moore. Women Of Color In Usa. Julie1132 Words   |  5 PagesJulie Lewi February 24, 2017 Sexualization Sexual Exploitations Of WOC Although we live in the 21-century women of color across the United States, have been victims of one or more forms of discrimination. The fight to bridge the gender equality gap is a war that has been going on for generations. Women of color never had the gratification of being just a woman, for they are intertwined with issues of sexualization and sexual exploitation. The representations of the past andRead MoreThe Superhero Movie Industry1352 Words   |  6 Pagesuniverse, you’re not alone. In this research paper i will be investigating the lack of accountability in the authors of misogynistic comics and the implications the that this makes for the comic book industry as a whole. I will be analyzing Grant Morrison’s All-Star Superman as a primary source, and multiple reference and critical essays to examine differing viewpoints and to give historical context to the problem of gatekeeping. Although the problem of ‘women in refrigerators’ as plot device is theRead MoreStruggling through the Great Depression in Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye1347 Words   |  5 PagesEye because it contains a number of factual elements. It is set in the town where Morrison grew up, and it is told from the point of view of a nine-year-old, the age Morrison would have been the year the novel takes place. Like the MacTeer family, Morrison’s family fought to make ends meet during the Great Depression. Morrison grew up listening to her mother singing and her grandfather playing the violin, just as Claudia does. In the novel’s afterword, Morrison explains that the story developed outRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison And Anna Deveare Smith Essay1856 Words   |  8 Pagesliterature and artwork, and specific events such as racial crimes have sparked attention in the media through physically showing the issues race and its history create. An example of examining race in America on an intellectual level can be seen in Toni Morrisonâ€℠¢s essay Playing in the Dark, which discusses the role race plays specifically in literature and how that role reflects and influences society. Anna Deveare Smith examines race on a physical level in her play Twilight: Los Angeles through taking theRead MoreGood and Evil in Toni Morrison Essay1423 Words   |  6 Pagesand a drunk. Even though the reader learns of his terrible temper, his abusing his wife, and the subsequent rapes of Pecola, and his abandonment of his family, the reader still has an inkling of sympathy for him. This sympathy may stem from Morrisons depiction of his childhood. We dont meet the vulnerable Cholly at the opening of the book. What we first learn about him is that he burned down his house, and that he abuses his wife. Through Paulines reflections, we learn how loving ChollyRead MoreAnalysis Of Flaubert s Madame Bovary, Toni Morrison s Sula Essay1857 Words   |  8 Pagesbe broken if new circumstances occur. A contract can be voided by mutual consent.† In other words, the bond established by the man and the woman is an ongoing unending commitment to each another. In Gustave Flaubert’s â€Å"Madame Bovary,† Toni Morrison’s â€Å"Sula† and Kate Chopin’s two short stories â€Å"The Storm† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† we see disloyalty, complex love, misery, unfulfillment and importantly, infidelity supposed matrimony. In the story â€Å"Madame Bovary,† Emma’s marriage is dullRead MoreAdrienne Richs Essay Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence2485 Words   |  10 Pagescolonilization, regardless of whether the oppression occurs at home or abroad. Compulsory heterosexuality represents more than anti-lesbian sentiment; it is a paradigm for the entire relationship of the genders, and as such it allows sexual inequality to be considered by females, â€Å"the colonization of one’s self and one’s sex,† (Rich 47). Men are, therefore, the oppressors, and their ideology for exploiting women is often similar to the biological and Biblical justification of slaveryRead MoreJoker and Batman Essay9227 Words   |  37 PagesBest Comics when it debuted in fall 1940. Creators including Jerry Robinson and Dick Sprang also worked on the strips during this period. Over the course of the first few Batman strips elements were added to the character and Kanes artistic depiction of Batman evolved. Kane noted within six issues he drew the characters jaw more pronounced and lengthened the ears on the costume; About a year later he was almost the full figure, my mature Batman, Kane said.[8] Batmans characteristic utility

The One Thing to Do for School Paper Problem Solution Essay Topics

The One Thing to Do for School Paper Problem Solution Essay Topics If you wish to make a superb problem solution paper dealing with compulsive online usage, it is logical to have a peek at our writing tutorial below. These guidelines highlight some of the qualities of good questions. To choose a particular problem, you have to analyze possible possibilities, expressions to introduce them, relevant outcomes, and the way to illustrate them in your paper. It's possible to discuss more than three in the event the challenge is complex. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About School Paper Problem Solution Essay Topics In which way the schools can enable the students to avoid childhood obesity. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. In terms of the problem solution essay examples, college students may see them on the web. A growing number of students are becoming bulled on the digital world. Ruthless School Paper Problem Solution Essay Topic s Strategies Exploited A problem solution essay demands extensive study and knowledge of the area you're covering. The paper needs to be acceptable for a broad scientific community. Today you will examine some way it is possible to come across suggestions for your paper. The block structure, all the problems are. Things You Won't Like About School Paper Problem Solution Essay Topics and Things You Will Your paper must have a title page as wel for a reference page. It must contain a minimum of 10 scholarly reference sources such as peer-reviewed journals. It must be writen in APA format and must include citations writen in APA format. When you're focusing on developing a good paper, you will gain from having an excellent topic to compose your paper on. An excellent academic paper will have enough evidence and background details. If you produce a very clear and easy research question, you might discover that it gets more complex as you consider the situation you're studying and undertake the literature review. If you cannot locate any theories of how to address the chosen problem, it's a good idea to decide on another issue. Make sure that as soon as you pick a topic, you keep in mind you will want to be sure you create a good thesis and support that thesis with solid explanations. Problem solution essay writing may be a special challenge. It is one of the most common academic assignments. To compose an effective Problem Solution Essay, you have to spend some moment. Find out why many find it hard to write and the way that it will no longer be problem to finish. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About School Paper Problem Solution Essay Topics Is Wrong You won't have to do extensive research if you choose a topic you know something about. You desire a topic you understand well or something you recognize about. When you select a topic that's relevant, it's going to have more significance and will be less difficult to compose your paper on . If you pick a good topic, it's going to be a great deal simpler to compose your paper. Where to Find School Paper Problem Solution Essay Topics Therefore, there's a need to analyze the chance of questions usage whilst relying on a research paper of any sort. Sensitive questions, like questions about income, drug usage, or sexual activity, ought to be put at the close of the survey. You should support the issues with the evidence you can see in the reliable sources. Once the issue is chosen, you need to make a small investigation to learn how it is able to be solved. These points provide insight on how best to pick a problem solution essay topic and possible suggestions to encourage your own. To have the ability to compose a very good essay, you will require a great topic. Following are the categories from where you're able to decide on the topics of your pick. What's Actually Happening with School Paper Problem Solution Essay Topics When you compose a persuasive paper, have a position but don't include your private opinion. Otherwise, the research question possesses some essential features which define that it's not a regular question of posterior importance. You should have the ability to set up a very clear purpose for your research in regard to the chosen field. There's the necessity to tackle a particular research question. Writing a research paper is as vital as performing the true research or experiment itself and can seem to be an extremely daunting job. You wish to walk your reader via your thought procedure. When it's your task for the time being, don't hesitate to use our short guide. Developing a research question is a job. At the close of the research, you are going to be in a position to refer your outcome and discussion back to the research paper question, adding a little bit more information to the store of human understanding. Bring your findings together and compose the very best paper you're able to. Mix the statistica l figures with case studies and perhaps even personal emotional stories when you have any. So far as a research paper, generally, is concerned, you will discover information which is appropriate for all sorts of a research paper. The Tried and True Method for School Paper Problem Solution Essay Topics in Step by Step Detail To put it differently, locate a situation which will deal with some social, cultural, or historical matter. You should have your reasons, and our primary concern is that you wind up getting a great grade. Since you may see, finding the proper topic is just a matter of perspective. In case you're struggling with problem solution essay topics for your university, take a look at the list below and you'll definitely find something to your liking. Where to Find School Paper Problem Solution Essay Topics When you think about problem solution writing, you will likely take into consideration something you are conversant with. There are some fundamental steps th at ought to be taken to compose a good problem solution paper. A solution essay presents an issue, describes what the writer thinks is the ideal solution to the issue, and then supports her or his pick of solution. If you don't understand where and how to discover the best topic for your next problem solution paper, there are some simple guidelines which can help you make the best choice. An opinion essay is written to demonstrate the writer's principal idea otherwise called the thesis. The sole thing a research paper writer must do is to be cautious with addressing the reader with a question. There are a couple tips on how to compose your abstract but the very best advice is that you look at some journals pertinent to your research and attempt to format your abstract in a similar way. If you intend to write for a particular journal, a great advice is to look at the research paper outline of a number of the articles to have a better idea on the best way to compose your article .

Storyteller free essay sample

Cue stage lights: A man and woman are sitting on opposite sides of a table, his face hidden behind a newspaper and hers behind a book. They do not speak, but I am already running through the conversations they will soon have and the words that will be left hanging in the air. When the dialogue begins, I lean back in my chair and become an audience to my own work. This is my play being performed on an Off-Broadway stage in New York during Writopia’s 2013 Worldwide Plays Festival. These are the words that I typed on my computer and scribbled on post-its and assorted pages every chance I had. This is the result of a year-long effort of collaborative thoughts, revisions, and drafts. I have played these scenes in my mind hundreds of times, searching for improvements. And now I have been placed in the ultimate workshop setting: a sold-out theater. We will write a custom essay sample on Storyteller or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As I watch the actors move across the stage, I make a mental note of the audience’s reaction to every moment. I sigh when the female character speaks one line incorrectly, but now appreciate the numerous times directors have told me never to tamper with the playwright’s dialogue when I am acting onstage. I soak in the subtle reactions of the people around me and smile to myself as I think about the fact that, as the audience takes in my play, they are unknowingly learning all about my life, my playwriting process, and my quest to be a storyteller from the time I was old enough to sit up and construct scenes and dialogue with my Winnie-the-Pooh figurines. If only, as the audience listensto my play’s female character discuss her fascination with Daphne du Maurier’s novel Rebecca, they could picture me in my pitch-black bedroom, holding a flashlight to the book as I read the final pages, desperately racing to the end, while wishing the story could go on forever. Then, as the characters’ emotions heighten and the atmosphere becomes tense, they could imagine me doodling images of my characters into my idea notebook, basing their facial and body expressions on those I had noticed on different people throughout the day. Or they could watch me suddenly waking up at three in the morning, grabbing my notebook to record a dream about the fate of the two characters before it escaped my thoughts. And then they could picture me at museums, on the subway, or walking through Central Park, listening to conversations to gain further inspiration. And, once my play is over, I wish, as a coda, the audience could see my friends and siblings acting with me in all the plays I had written over the years, pretending we were Broadway stars as we reveled in our ever-present laughter and I hung on to each word we spoke to be sure it sounded exactly right. Then the audience might really know who this playwright, this storyteller, really is. As my play nears its end, a man and woman are standing by an open window, overlooking a fire escape. The woman kisses the man on the cheek, and, in an act of defiance reminiscent of Ibsen’s Nora, she climbs out the window and walks down the fire escape. As the audience applauds, I think about the characters I have created, and, as I have done throughout my life, I naturally start thinking about where my characters will go next, where I will go next. I write to tell stories. By writing, I am learning about myself and the world around me. I live a life filled with new events waiting to happen, compelling people to meet, exciting places to see, and new adventures to incorporate into my tales. This is my play. This is my life. This is who I am. Cue blackout.

Reading Accuracy

Abstract The evaluation of accuracy in reading depends on capability to make sense of words in a manuscript. Reading accuracy is consequently the automatic process of interpretation and integration of appropriate expressions or phrases during the reading process with a minimal use of required resources in the aim of communicating meaning in a text.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Reading Accuracy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Proper definition for understanding reading fluency portrays the concept of learning to decode words accurately for the need to succeed in reading text, as a perspective that is for garnering profundity. Accuracy in decoding words is important, but the main aim ought to be ensuring that the words undergo automatic decoding with less effort during the reading process. Interpretation entails the ability to phrase and express words appropriately during the reading process. Accurate and fluent reading therefore is the ability to accurately decode words in a text and automatically present them, while illustrating optimal comprehension it is also the ability to interpret text expressively. As an important aspect of reading, fluency affects the readers’ ability to understand text. This paper describes the process of calculating the word correct per minute (WCPM) and the reading accuracy as a way of measuring the students’ ability to achieve reading affluence. What are the efficient methods of determining students’ reading fluency and efficiency? Are there methods appropriate for determining reading fluency? The paper is therefore is a critical analysis of assessment procedures for accurate and effective reading among students. It eventually presents the way of assisting students gain the WCPM and reading accuracy and explains the benefits of using the procedure to nurture fluent readers. Reading accuracy Fluent readers have experience. They ar e able to decipher meaning form a text precisely without human intervention or need for extra resources as a requisite for triggering the conscious mind. According to Samuels (2002), inability to have enough resources for decoding words or reading comprehensions makes the reader to acquire excellent skills for enhancing reading accuracy. Readers are able to facilitate proficiency or accuracy by graduating from the conscious process of decoding to accurate or automatic decoding. The most favourable accurate reading level focuses on the ability to find meaning out of a text without straining during the reading process. At that level one does not need to listen closely to the sound of words but simply recognizes the words automatically and accurately at the instance of seeing the text. A good reader rarely requires the need to focus concentration on finding the meaning from a text. This aspect differentiates the experiences from the learning readers.Advertising Looking for researc h paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The accuracy in reading also requires the reader to have the capacity of interpreting or deriving sense from words within the text during the reading process. Accuracy in reading enables one to focus attention on the comprehension process or other related tasks, consequently finding meaning from a combination of text. Tor that reason, the ability to read fluently has a direct connection to comprehension. Active interpretation or construction of meaning from a passage requires the reader to push in appropriate â€Å"volume, tone, phrase, emphasis and other elements of oral expression† Samuels (2002). The sense of having accuracy in reading indicates that fluency is multidimensional, with directions over stress on accuracy or decoding of words in a text, emphasis on the need to quickly and automatically recognize words in a connection of text and lastly in the ability to ex presses meaning from a text through accurate interpretation. Assessing Reading Accuracy and Automaticity According to Walker (2008), â€Å"the ability to read fluently depends on the component of decoding accuracy.† The reading accuracy therefore depends on three distinct components namely, the accuracy of decoding, automaticity and prosody. Decoding accuracy is the ability to get meaning accurately from words during the reading process. â€Å"Automaticity is ability to decode words from text with minimal dependence upon the resources and prosody is ability to use phrases and expressions appropriately during the reading process†¦ The reader’s level of accuracy affects the decoding accuracy and automaticity components† (Walker, 2008). The percentage of the words a reader can engage correctly within a given period determines the reading accuracy. This is an important measure for reading proficiency since it indicates the various levels of decoding accuracy. T here exists various level of performance in the word decoding accuracy tests. The independent level is over 97% range. These readers are able to engage text without difficulties or need for assistance. The instructional level readers have a performance rage of approximately 90% to 96%. They perform under the guidance of a good reader. The last is the ‘frustration’ level. These average scores of these readers are below 90% mark. They perceive the assessment of reading text as a difficult task that is too challenging to conceptualize. Although it is a widely utilized especially in the informal reading inventory, the test for oral reading fluency incorporate analysis of accuracy at all levels of achievements. The reader faces the challenge of meeting multiple words within the assessment passage to meet the requests set forth by the analysis process.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Reading Accuracy specifically for you for only $16. 05 $11/page Learn More Various assessment courses of actions are excellent procedure for determining accuracy because of the in-depth analysis, but they consume a lot of instructional time and are thus not viable for most teachers especially when the students are many. The rate of reading determines the student’s ability to engage automaticity and word recognition. A better and common procedure is the words read correctly per minute, (WCPM). During the reading process, the analysis counterchecks the incorrect words and counts only the correctly read words within the 60 seconds period. Procedure for measuring the reading accuracy using the WCPM The initial step involves the identification of appropriate text with an approximate number of words depending on the student’s grade level. The readability formula or rubric determines the appropriateness of a text to a given level of study. The student should read the passage aloud for one minute under a tape-rec ording procedure. Appropriate reading ought to be at normal reading speed without the tendency of hurrying to finish on time. The teacher has to assist on words that the student fails to respond within a two to three seconds interval wait, to ensure the process engagement within the specified one-minute period. The teacher analysis process entails checking for the mispronunciation errors, bearing in mind the assisted word pronunciation. Other errors include the replacement of the original text to evade challenges, total oversight of tough words and, reversing of pronunciation. The supervisor has to mark the point reached after one-minute analysis. In line with Samuels, (2002), to determine the reading accuracy, the analyst â€Å"divides the number of correctly read words with the total number of words read within the minute.† Eventually the analyst converts the results to a percentage and compares them against the target norms of the performance range. Lastly, â€Å"a standa rdized format determines the rate for the total number of WCPM†¦ by comparing the total counts against the target norms (Samuels, 2002). Benefits of WCPM analysis The process of WCPM is efficient because the analysis can perform multiple sessions using different texts in comparison of the median score against performance standard, thus determining the student’s actual ability (Walker, 2008). The teacher is able to repeat the process within a short while for a wide range of students in need of improvement, and thus determine the reading growth pattern. Relating the readers to the target norms progressively enhances automaticity among them, regularly channelled through relating performance to the standardized measurements for accurate reading at enhanced rates.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By measuring the student’s reading accuracy, the teachers are able to determine the main sources of difficulties. Some readers will have low accuracy in reading and therefore automatically end with overall low scores while others have high scores but suffer from decoding error and also have low scores. The accuracy assessment assists in differentiating between these two types of readers in the aim of making them better readers. The analysis determines the comprehension difficulties but eventually the reading growth depends on the type of difficulty a student experiences. â€Å"The source of difficulties either is†¦ lack of sufficient automaticity or lacks accuracy in decoding words† (Walker, 2008). Assisting a student to advance their WCPM and reading accuracy A teacher has to utilize assessments such as the WCPM as a critical tool for planning for responsive instructions especially among students with a struggle on reading skills. According to Walker (2008), teac hers fail to recognize the assessment results as effective tools for diagnostic teaching procedures. Diagnostic teaching is a continual sequence of activities where the educators can utilize various ways of assisting the students. First, the assessment procedures are decisive, and therefore the teacher must assess the reading ability by subjecting the student to the WCMP program to determine their level of performance and as an initial course of action, find the starting point. The second procedure entails the interpretation of data in accordance to the students’ development level, for instance by finding out if the language a first or second language. This point of action assists in meeting the curriculum expectations through the instructional practices. Thirdly, there is need to adjust the techniques and materials for giving instructional guides. The guidance skills or teaching strategies have to incorporate the requirements that the students lack to master or garner new ad vanced skills or strategies to advance their reading abilities and knowledge. There is equally the need to reassess the procedures. A good course of action a teacher should consider in their duties of helping a student advance in their WCPM and reading accuracy includes offering support for continual reading habits. Students with reading difficulties require restricted amount of directives for decoding words in the aim of sharpening their skills. Lastly, students often takes a while to master skills, therefore there is need for continual re-interpretation of the instructional guidelines overtime. Importance of the WCPM and reading accuracy An engagement in the reading fluency analysis provides a bridge between the ability to recognize and comprehend words. It is a catalyst for leaders because it enables them to focus on the challenges and thus have an attention towards the need to understand the meaning of text during reading. Non-fluent readers often focus much of their attention t o figuring out the words and therefore end up with another problem linked to comprehension. â€Å"The WCPM and reading fluency analysis focuses attention on both the need for fluency and comprehension abilities†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Graham and Perin, 2007). The procedure provides an opportunity for engaging guideline for orally repeated reading and supportive assistance from the teachers’ feedbacks from the performance results. The analysis also provides the opportunity to â€Å"match reading texts and instructions to individual students† (Graham and Perin, 2007). The assessment is a classroom-based for monitoring the progress for students and for both the accuracy and reading rates. References Graham, S., Perin, D. (2007). Writing next: Effective strategies to improve writing  Of adolescents in middle and high school. Washington, DC: Alliance for Excellent Education publishers Samuels, S. J. (2002). Reading fluency: Its development and assessment. (Third Ed pp. 166-183). Newark, DE: International Reading Association Walker, B. J. (2008). Diagnostic Teaching of Reading: Techniques for Instruction and  Assessment (7th Ed), Columbus, OH: Merrill, Print This research paper on Reading Accuracy was written and submitted by user Shane Maxwell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.